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What about genetically modified humans? Opinion polls show that Americans are enthusiastic about the prospects for curing cancer or whatever disease, with breakthrough discoveries that research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will bring us--well, just any day now. If only we invest enough in mission- and disease-oriented research, popular opinion seems to say, we can solve the problems. We can create wonderful babies for otherwise infertile couples by removing eggs and sperm and combining them. Along the way, at some point in the future, we will presumably have techniques to make better humans. In principle, we should be able to engineer the genetic composition of each individual, and therefore the population, by selecting only those genes and then those individuals that we want to have live and eliminating the rest--through fetal surgery, selective implantation, or targeted abortion. While the discussion usually centers on the medical procedures, these manipulations are also fundamentally about genetic engineering. There are choices of which genes and which combinations of genes (which individuals) to allow to live.

http://www.fofweb.com/Science/default.asp?ItemID=WE40
Text Citation: Barber, Nigel. "ethical issues of the Human Genome Project." Encyclopedia of Ethics in Science and Technology. Facts On File, Inc., 2002. Facts On File, Inc. Science Online. www.fofweb.com.